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Methylation

Protein methylation is among the most common and important post-translational modifications and plays a major role in several biological processes, including signal transduction, DNA repairing, transcriptional regulation, gene activation, gene repression and RNA processing​1​. It involves the covalent attachment of a methyl group onto the C-terminus, N-terminus or one of eight amino acid residues. These […]

γ-Carboxylation

Overview γ-Carboxylation occurs mainly in proteins related to blood coagulation. Glutamic acid residues are carboxylated by the enzyme glutamyl carboxylase in γ-position in the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Vitamin K is required as a cofactor. pKa NC Loss Gain Deltamass H AA UV-Spec Pattern Acidic 2.03 Yes H CHO2 Av: 44.0095M: 43.9898 – […]

ADP-Ribosylation

ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification in which one (mono-ADP-ribosylation) or multiple (poly-ADP-ribosylation) ADP-ribose moieties are attached onto a substrate protein by ADP ribosyltransferases. mono-ADP-Ribosylation Overview mono-ADP-ribosylation is a common post-translational modification, where an ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD+ to the substrate protein under the release of nicotinamide. The transfer of ADP-ribose occurs onto […]

Citrullination

Overview Citrulline is a non-proteinogenic amino acid that is produced through post-translational deimination of peptidyl-arginine. Peptidyl-arginine deiminases catalyze the hydrolysis of a guanido group into an urea group. This modifications affects the formation of hydrogen bonds and therefore protein folding. pKa NC Loss Gain Deltamass H AA UV-Spec Pattern – No NH O Av: 0.9848M: […]